Things like "God has chosen a race to follow him" are probably recorded as core beliefs of Judaism, but I bet many (very good :-) Jews don't wholeheartedly buy that part.

Yeah, I'm guessing that and the reincarnation ones where the ones that pushed me away from Judaism. Oh, and I wasn't sure that Moses was the most important prophet; there have, in fact, been many Jewish prophets, and I don't really know their importance offhand.